विकास प्रशासन र प्रशासनको विकास

Evolution of Development Administration

Public Administration as field of systematic study started with the publication of Woodrow Wilson's famous essay "The study of administration" in 1887. Wilson emphasized a comparative nature of administration. He stressed the need for comparative study of administration with beginning of New era in the field of the systematic study of Public Administration emphasis should lie on comparative analysis. 

In 1947, Robert Dahl in his famous essay "The science of Public Administration" called for (demanded) more research in Comparative Public Administration (CPA). 

The first conference on CPA was held at Princeton University in USA in 1952. This conference has been identified as starting point of the study of CPA. Since systematic research and teaching methods in CPA were first conceived (realized) at this conference. A sub-committee of this conference suggested a three point strategy for comparative studies.
·The organization of the administrative system.

·The control of administrative system, and

·Security of consent and compliance by the administrative machinery. 

Since, then many conferences have been held on CPA. Similarly research studies on various aspects of CPA have also been carried out.

The comparative study of administration should have a dual focus - it should focus on public organizations rather private ones, and it should focus on cross-cultural comparison rather than intra-cultural comparison. According to CAG, CPA means the theory of Public Administration applied to diverse cultures and national settings. More specifically CPA can be defined as that facet of the study of Public Administration which is concerned with making rigorous cross-cultural comparisons of the structures and processes involved in activity of administering public affairs (Robert Jackson).

CPA, according to Riggs , is characterized by the following three trends.

1.A shift from normative to empirical studies.

2.A shift from Idiographic to nomothetic studies.

3.A shift in the focus from non-ecological to ecological studies.